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1.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(5): 1980-1988, Sept.-Oct. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131577

ABSTRACT

Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) (Perciformes: Cichlidae), commonly named "tilapia", is the second most cultivated species in the world. Among the diseases that affect tilapia are parasitic diseases caused by parasites of the class Monogenoidea. The aim of the present study was to analyze parasitism rates among specimens of O. niloticus in farming systems, after dietary supplementation with ractopamine, a growth promoter that is used for fattening fish. The action of this substance on the quantitative parameters of infestation by Monogenoidea was evaluated. Samples of O. niloticus were obtained from a fish farm in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. Their gills were removed and fixed. Four species of monogenoideans were collected: Cichlidogyrus halli, C. sclerosus, C. thurstonae and Scutogyrus longicornis. The results from this study indicate that the monogenoidean parasites of tilapias examined here presented different behaviors in relation to the ractopamine concentrations that were added to the food. The parasitological indexes did not present significant reductions through using ractopamine, thus leading to the conclusion that administration of ractopamine is not efficient as a method for controlling infestations of monogenoidean parasites.(AU)


Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) (Perciformes: Cichlidae), tilápia, é a segunda espécie mais cultivada no mundo. Entre outras doenças que afetam a tilápia, estão as doenças provocadas por parasitos da classe Monogenoidea. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os índices de parasitismo em espécies de O. niloticus provenientes de sistemas de cultivo, submetidos a uma dieta com suplementação de ractopamina, usada como promotor de crescimento no estágio de engorda dos peixes, para avaliar as ações dessa substância nos parâmetros quantitativos da infestação por Monogenoidea. Exemplares de O. niloticus obtidos na piscicultura "Agropecuária do Buriti Perdido", em Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil, foram examinados; as brânquias foram removidas e fixadas. Quatro espécies foram coletadas: Cichlidogyrus halli, C. sclerosus, C. thurstonae e Scutogyrus longicornis. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo indicaram que as espécies de Monogenoidea parasitos de tilápia examinadas apresentam diferentes comportamentos relacionados à concentração de ractopamina adicionada ao alimento. Os índices parasitológicos não apresentaram redução significativa pelo uso da ractopamina, levando à conclusão de que a ractopamina não é eficiente como método de controle parasitário em infestações por Monogenoidea.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Parasites , Cichlids/physiology , Food Additives/administration & dosage , Perciformes , Weight Gain
2.
Acta amaz ; 47(4): l3101-310, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1455347

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In the Amazon, the growing demand for fish has been boosting the expansion of fish farms. However, the intensification of cultivation can generate disequilibrium in the parasite-host environment, predisposing fish to parasitic infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the community structure of metazoan parasites in cultivation systems of piauçu, Leporinus macrocephalus, in the state of Acre, Brazil. We examined 100 specimens from a semi-intensive cultivation system (earth tanks) and 100 from an extensive system (dams). Overall 66.5% of the hosts were parasitized. We collected 1,240 parasite specimens, classified in 15 metazoan taxa (10 monogenoidean, one digenean and four nematodes). The parasite prevalence was higher by Monogenoidea in the dams, and by Nematoda in the earth tanks. The parasitic indexes were, in general, low and varied among species. Monogeneoidea had higher values for quantitative and ecological descriptors of parasitism in the dams, while Nematoda had higher values in the earth tanks. A single species of Digenea was found in the dams, with low prevalence. No taxon was classified as central. In the dams, parasite abundance was correlated only with total fish length, while in the earth tanks, it was positively correlated with total length, weight and condition factor of fish. The endoparasite and ectoparasite infracommunities presented higher richness, dominance, diversity and evenness, respectively, in the earth tanks and in the dams. This is the first study of ecological descriptors of parasites of L. macrocephalus in the Amazon.


RESUMO Na Amazônia, a crescente demanda por pescado vem impulsionando a expansão da piscicultura. No entanto, a intensificação dos cultivos pode gerar desequilíbrio no sistema parasito-hospedeiro-ambiente, predispondo os peixes a infecções parasitárias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estrutura das comunidades de metazoários parasitos de piauçu, Leporinus macrocephalus, em sistemas de cultivo no estado do Acre, Brasil. Foram coletados 200 peixes, sendo 100 espécimes de sistema de cultivo semi-intensivo em viveiro escavado e 100 de sistema extensivo em açude. Dos 200 hospedeiros analisados 66,5% estavam parasitados. Foram coletados 1.240 espécimes de metazoários, classificados em quinze espécies (10 de Monogenoidea, uma de Digenea e quatro de Nematoda). A prevalência de parasitismo por Monogenoidea foi maior em açude e por Nematoda em viveiro. De forma geral, os índices de parasitismo foram baixos e variaram entre as espécies, com maiores valores dos descritores quantitativos e ecológicos do parasitismo por Monogenoidea em açude e Nematoda em viveiro. A única espécie de Digenea foi encontrada em açude e com baixa prevalência. Nenhum táxon foi classificado como central. Nos açudes, a abundância parasitária foi correlacionada apenas com o comprimento total dos hospedeiros, e nos viveiros com o comprimento total, peso e fator de condição dos hospedeiros. Nos viveiros, a infracomunidade de endoparasitos apresentou os maiores índices de riqueza, dominância, diversidade e equitabilidade. Nos açudes, os ectoparasitos apresentaram os maiores índices. Este foi o primeiro registro de índices parasitários de L. macrocephalus em sistemas de cultivo na Amazônia.


Subject(s)
Characiformes/parasitology , Fisheries/analysis
3.
Acta amaz ; 47(4): 301-310, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-885974

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In the Amazon, the growing demand for fish has been boosting the expansion of fish farms. However, the intensification of cultivation can generate disequilibrium in the parasite-host environment, predisposing fish to parasitic infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the community structure of metazoan parasites in cultivation systems of piauçu, Leporinus macrocephalus, in the state of Acre, Brazil. We examined 100 specimens from a semi-intensive cultivation system (earth tanks) and 100 from an extensive system (dams). Overall 66.5% of the hosts were parasitized. We collected 1,240 parasite specimens, classified in 15 metazoan taxa (10 monogenoidean, one digenean and four nematodes). The parasite prevalence was higher by Monogenoidea in the dams, and by Nematoda in the earth tanks. The parasitic indexes were, in general, low and varied among species. Monogeneoidea had higher values for quantitative and ecological descriptors of parasitism in the dams, while Nematoda had higher values in the earth tanks. A single species of Digenea was found in the dams, with low prevalence. No taxon was classified as central. In the dams, parasite abundance was correlated only with total fish length, while in the earth tanks, it was positively correlated with total length, weight and condition factor of fish. The endoparasite and ectoparasite infracommunities presented higher richness, dominance, diversity and evenness, respectively, in the earth tanks and in the dams. This is the first study of ecological descriptors of parasites of L. macrocephalus in the Amazon.


RESUMO Na Amazônia, a crescente demanda por pescado vem impulsionando a expansão da piscicultura. No entanto, a intensificação dos cultivos pode gerar desequilíbrio no sistema parasito-hospedeiro-ambiente, predispondo os peixes a infecções parasitárias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estrutura das comunidades de metazoários parasitos de piauçu, Leporinus macrocephalus, em sistemas de cultivo no estado do Acre, Brasil. Foram coletados 200 peixes, sendo 100 espécimes de sistema de cultivo semi-intensivo em viveiro escavado e 100 de sistema extensivo em açude. Dos 200 hospedeiros analisados 66,5% estavam parasitados. Foram coletados 1.240 espécimes de metazoários, classificados em quinze espécies (10 de Monogenoidea, uma de Digenea e quatro de Nematoda). A prevalência de parasitismo por Monogenoidea foi maior em açude e por Nematoda em viveiro. De forma geral, os índices de parasitismo foram baixos e variaram entre as espécies, com maiores valores dos descritores quantitativos e ecológicos do parasitismo por Monogenoidea em açude e Nematoda em viveiro. A única espécie de Digenea foi encontrada em açude e com baixa prevalência. Nenhum táxon foi classificado como central. Nos açudes, a abundância parasitária foi correlacionada apenas com o comprimento total dos hospedeiros, e nos viveiros com o comprimento total, peso e fator de condição dos hospedeiros. Nos viveiros, a infracomunidade de endoparasitos apresentou os maiores índices de riqueza, dominância, diversidade e equitabilidade. Nos açudes, os ectoparasitos apresentaram os maiores índices. Este foi o primeiro registro de índices parasitários de L. macrocephalus em sistemas de cultivo na Amazônia.


Subject(s)
Genetic Variation
4.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(4): 2997-3003, Oct.-Dec. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886867

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Monogenoidea pathogenic activity can elicit various histological responses in fish. Species of Ligophorus are specific parasites of mullets, and its relationship with host fish may result in a moderate pathogenic action. In order to ascertain this relationship, estuarine mullets (Mugil liza) were collected in an estuary, reared in laboratory, for three weeks, and forwarded for histological and parasitological analyses. Ligophorus uruguayense (Monogenoidea) infestation in the gills of the mullets was identified. The severe infestation by only one species of Monogenoidea may result from the specificity of these parasites to mullets. Mullets submitted to histological analysis exhibited respiratory epithelium detachment; mild, moderate and severe hyperplasia of the respiratory epithelium; atrophy; and telangiectasia of the gills. This is the first study reporting that mullets highly infested by Monogenoidea can show mild (100%) to severe (20%) gill changes with a distinct frequency of occurrence. Because of the high prevalence of mild alterations observed, it is possible to accept that L. uruguayense is moderately pathogenic to M. liza, even during high prevalence and intensity of infestation, as a result of its specificity.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Platyhelminths/pathogenicity , Trematode Infections/parasitology , Smegmamorpha/parasitology , Gills/parasitology , Trematode Infections/pathology , Brazil , Smegmamorpha/classification
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 77(4): 787-793, Nov. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888823

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study investigated the occurrence, prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of monogenoidean parasites in Piaractus mesopotamicus farmed in cages in the reservoir of the Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station, Paraná River, Brazil. The parasite distribution pattern and the correlation of prevalence and abundance with the total length of hosts were also investigated. Four monogenoidean species were collected: Anacanthorus penilabiatus, A. toledoensis, Mymarothecium ianwhitingtoni and M. viatorum. All the parasites collected in P. mesopotamicus showed the typical aggregated distribution pattern, and the abundance and the prevalence did not shown any correlation with the total length of hosts.


Resumo Neste estudo foi investigada a ocorrência, prevalência, abundância média e intensidade média de Monogenoidea parasitos de Piaractus mesopotamicus, cultivados em tanques-rede no reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu, rio Paraná, Brasil. Foram investigados ainda o padrão de distribuição parasitária e a correlação entre a prevalência e abundância com o comprimento total dos hospedeiros. Quatro espécies de Monogenoidea foram coletadas: Anacanthorus penilabiatus, A. toledoensis, Mymarothecium ianwhitingtoni e M. viatorum. Todos os parasitos coletados em P. mesopotamicus apresentaram típico padrão de distribuição agregada e não foi observada correlação entre a abundância e a prevalência e o comprimento total dos hospedeiros.


Subject(s)
Animals , Platyhelminths/physiology , Rivers/parasitology , Characidae , Fish Diseases/epidemiology , Helminthiasis, Animal/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Population Density , Fish Diseases/parasitology , Helminthiasis, Animal/parasitology
6.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 35(4): 595-601, out.-dez. 2013. tab, mapas, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-859166

ABSTRACT

This work is the first study on parasitic fauna of Curimata cyprinoides Linnaeus, 1766 (Curimatidae) and the host-parasite relationship. The total of 154,740 parasites such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), trophozoite of Spironucleus sp. (Hexamitidae), Urocleidoides sp. (Monogenoidea), Digenea gen. sp. and Polymorphus sp. (Polymorphidae) were collected. The component community showed low diversity (HB = 0.004 ± 0.020) and parasite species richness (1.4 ± 0.6). However, I. multifiliis and Urocleidoides sp. were prevalent and with higher intensity on the host population and also aggregated the distribution pattern. The occurrence of these ectoparasites in C. cyprinoides may be a consequence of its alimentary diet. Positive correlation between the abundance and size of I. multifiliis and the relative condition factor of the host were observed and discussed. These data represent increased knowledge of the biology of these parasites. Furthermore, this study expanded the geographic distribution of some parasite species for this new host from Brazil.


Este trabalho providenciou o primeiro estudo sobre a fauna parasitaria de Curimata cyprinoides Linnaeus, 1766 (Curimatidae) e relação hospedeiro-parasito. Foram coletados 154.740 parasitos, tais como Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora); trofozoíto de Spironucleus sp. (Hexamitidae); Urocleidoides sp. (Monogenoidea); Digenea gen. sp. e Polymorphus sp. (Polymorphidae). A comunidade componente apresentou baixa diversidade (HB = 0,004 ± 0,020) e riqueza de parasitos (1,4 ± 0,6). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis e Urocleidoides sp. apresentaram a maior prevalência e intensidade na população de hospedeiro e tiveram padrão de distribuição agregado. Em C. cyprinoides, a ocorrência desses ectoparasitos pode ser uma consequência da ampla variedade de sua dieta alimentar. Correlação positiva da abundância de I. multifiliis como o tamanho e fator de condição relativo dos hospedeiros foi observada e discutida. Estes dados representam um aumento do conhecimento sobre a biologia desses parasitos. Além disso, este estudo ampliou a distribuição geográfica de algumas espécies de parasitos para este novo hospedeiro no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecology , Fishes , Fresh Water , Gills
7.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 35(4): 595-601, out.-dez. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460758

ABSTRACT

This work is the first study on parasitic fauna of Curimata cyprinoides Linnaeus, 1766 (Curimatidae) and the host-parasite relationship. The total of 154,740 parasites such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), trophozoite of Spironucleus sp. (Hexamitidae), Urocleidoides sp. (Monogenoidea), Digenea gen. sp. and Polymorphus sp. (Polymorphidae) were collected. The component community showed low diversity (HB = 0.004 ± 0.020) and parasite species richness (1.4 ± 0.6). However, I. multifiliis and Urocleidoides sp. were prevalent and with higher intensity on the host population and also aggregated the distribution pattern. The occurrence of these ectoparasites in C. cyprinoides may be a consequence of its alimentary diet. Positive correlation between the abundance and size of I. multifiliis and the relative condition factor of the host were observed and discussed. These data represent increased knowledge of the biology of these parasites. Furthermore, this study expanded the geographic distribution of some parasite species for this new host from Brazil.

8.
J Biosci ; 2011 Sep; 36 (4): 559-561
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-161575

ABSTRACT

Biological diversity (or biodiversity), defined as the number and variety of living organisms within a specific geographical region, is essential for the stability of ecosystems, protection of overall environmental quality and understanding the intrinsic value of all species on earth (Ehrlich and Wilson 1991). Parasites, constituting more than half of all biodiversity (Toft 1986), are the integrative core of biodiversity survey and inventory, conservation and environmental integrity and ecosystem function (United States Department of Agriculture 2009). This article highlights the need for studies researching biodiversity of fish helminths, the largest and the most important group of fish parasites, with special reference to monogenoids occurring in Arunachal Pradesh waters. The state of Arunachal Pradesh (29°30' N; 97°30' E) is recognized as the 25th biodiversity hotspot in the world (Chowdhery 1999), among the 200 globally important ecoregions (Olson and Dinerstein 1998) and is also one of the hotspots of freshwater fish biodiversity in the world (Kottelat and Whitten 1996). The state has no less than 213 recorded fish species (Bagra et al. 2009) having elements of Indo-Gangetic, Myanmarese and south Chinese regions (Yadava and Chandra 1994). Not only do these fish provide nutritious food, but they also part of an unbreakable relationship with the culture, religion and traditions of the region (Vishwanath 2002). Recognizing the future potential of fishery culture, the state government initiated the ‘state fisheries programme’ from as early as 1958, which is now regarded as one of the most important sectors involved in the socioeconomic upliftment of the tribal population of the state (Government of Arunachal Pradesh 2011a). Disease, and much of it due to parasites, is the single most important factor threatening the fishery industry worldwide, particularly in the tropics (Schmidt and Roberts 2000). Among the parasites that infect freshwater fishes, helminths – represented by 5 well characterised taxonomic units, Monogenoidea,1 Trematoda (comprising Digenea and Aspidogastrea), Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala – form a major group and often cause veterinary problems worldwide (Williams and Jones 1994). Helminth parasites are important not only because they cause fish diseases but also because they are an essential component of global biodiversity (Poulin and Morand 2004). As much as 30000 helminth species have been estimated to be parasites of fish (Williams and Jones 1994). Monogenoidean parasites are the most ubiquitous and abundant parasites in the aquatic environment (Ivona 2004). These are mainly ectoparasitic on gills and/or external surfaces of freshwater and marine fishes (Bychowsky 1957); a few species become endoparasitic by inhabiting the palleal cavity of cephalopods and urinary bladder and rectum of amphibians and reptiles (see Euzet and Combes 1998 and the references therein). These worms feed on blood (Hayward et al. 2007) and/or epithelial cells and mucus of fish (Buchmann and Bresciani 2006), causing direct loss due to mortality, usually to younger fish and those in intensive culture/captive conditions (Thoney and Hargis 1991). Damage is frequently indirect when these worms degrade the mucous layer, making the host fish susceptible to secondary pathogens such as bacteria and fungi (Grimes et al. 1985). The economic effects of infestation include a decrease in and/or rejection of otherwise edible fish products leading to subsequent loss of interest in the aquaculture industries (Jones 2001). Chemicals and freshwater/marine baths are often used to control monogenoids but these methods can be very expensive (Whittington et al. 2001).

9.
Braz. j. biol ; 71(3): 791-796, Aug. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-597189

ABSTRACT

This study describes the parasitic fauna of Oxydoras niger from the Coari Lake, tributary of the medium Solimões River, State of Amazonas, Brazil, and the relationship between the number of Monogenoidea and the condition factor. From a total of 27 examined fish, 70.3 percent were parasitised by at least one parasite species as follows: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa), Chilodonella sp. (Protozoa), Cosmetocleithrum gussevi, C. confusus, C. parvum and Cosmetocleithrum sp. (Monogenoidea), Paracavisona impudica (Acanthocephala), Cucullanus grandistomis (Nematoda), Proteocephalus kuyukuyu (Cestoda) and Dadaytrema sp. (Digenea). Monogenoidea helminthes were the most prevalent parasite when compared to protozoan and intestinal helminthes. This study showed that O. niger has a great parasite diversity composed mainly of monogenoideans followed by acanthocephalan and digenean. This is the first record of Dadaytrema in O. niger from the Brazilian Amazon. There was a positive correlation between the number of monogenoideans and the condition factor (Kn) of fish, and with this mean intensity of infection, fish welfare was not affected.


Este estudo descreve a fauna parasitária de Oxydoras niger do lago Coari, tributário do médio rio Solimões, estado do Amazonas, Brasil, e a relação entre o número de Monogenoidea e o fator de condição. De um total de 27 peixes examinados, 70,3 por cento estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma espécie de parasito como segue: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa), Chilodonella sp. (Protozoa), Cosmetocleithrum gussevi, C. confusus, C. parvum and Cosmetocleithrum sp. (Monogenoidea), Paracavisona impudica (Acanthocephala), Cucullanus grandistomis (Nematoda), Proteocephalus kuyukuyu (Cestoda) and Dadaytrema sp. (Digenea). Helmintos monogenóideos foram os mais prevalentes quando comparados com protozoários e helmintos intestinais. Este estudo mostrou que O. niger apresenta grande diversidade de parasitos composta principalmente de monogenóideos seguidos de acantocéfalos e digenéticos. Este foi o primeiro relato de Dadaytrema em O. niger na Amazônia brasileira. Foi observada correlação positiva entre o número de monogenóideos e o fator de condição (Kn) e nessa intensidade média de infecção o bem-estar do peixe não foi afetado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Fishes/parasitology , Parasites/isolation & purification , Biodiversity , Brazil , Fishes/classification , Parasites/classification , Rivers
10.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 82(2): 493-500, June 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548428

ABSTRACT

This study compared the parasitic fauna on Nile tilapias kept with swine dejects and tilapia from fee fishing fed commercial ration. A total of 360 fish were analyzed from August 2003 to July 2004 in a facility situated in Nova Trento, Santa Catarina, Brazil. No significant difference was observed in both systems. The parasite fauna in both systems were slightly similar, with the presence of the following parasites: Trichodina magna and T compacta (Ciliophora); Cichlidogyrus sclerosus and Cichlidogyrus sp. (Monogenoidea); and Lamproglena sp. (Lernaeidae). Parasitological analyzes did not differ among fishes kept with swine dejects and in fee fishing with commercial diet (P >0.05). The total prevalence of trichodinids in the gills of fish kept with swine dejects was 1.7 percent as compared to the one kept in fee fishing with commercial diet (0.6 percent). The Monogenoidea prevalence and mean intensity in the gills and body of fish from fee fishing was 16.5 percent and 2.6, and compared to other system was 13.2 percent and 0.8, respectively. This study showed that low stocking density and low water temperature in that region were responsible for the maintenance of good health and lower parasitism rate.


Este estudo comparou a fauna parasitária de tilápia do Nilo mantida em consorciação com suínos e alimentada com ração comercial mantida em pesque-pague. Um total de 360 peixes foi analisado, entre agosto de 2003 ejulhode2004, em uma propriedade de Nova Trento, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois sistemas de cultivo. A fauna parasitária em ambos foi ligeiramente semelhante com a presença de Trichodina magna e T compacta (Ciliophora); Cichlidogyrus sclerosus e Cichlidogyrus sp. (Monogenoidea) e Laproglena sp. (Lernaeidae). A análise parasitológica não mostrou diferença entre os peixes dos dois sistemas. A prevalência total de tricodinídeos nas brânquias dos peixes mantidos com dejetos de suínos foi de 1,7 por cento quando comparada com os do pesque-pague de 0,6 por cento. A taxa de prevalência e a intensidade média de Monogenoidea nas brânquias dos peixes do pesque-pague foi de 16,5 por cento e 2,6, respectivamente comparada com os mantidos com suínos de 13,2 por cento e 0,8, respectivamente. Este estudo demonstrou que a baixa densidade de estocagem de peixes nesta propriedade e a baixa temperatura na região colaboraram para que a saúde dos animais fosse mantida e o nível de parasitismo baixo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animal Feed/parasitology , Aquaculture/methods , Cichlids/parasitology , Swine
11.
Interciencia ; 34(7): 507-513, jul. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630780

ABSTRACT

La clase Monogenoidea representa un grupo diverso de parásitos, con ~720 géneros distribuidos en 53 familias. En el presente trabajo se describen, identifican y determinan los índices ecológicos de prevalencia (P), intensidad (I) e intensidad media (IM) de la fauna monogenea de teleósteos de la Laguna de Las Marites, costa sur-oriental de la Isla de Margarita, Venezuela. Entre mayo y octubre 2006 se examinaron 60 ejemplares de peces, para un total de 10 especies, de las cuales cinco resultaron positivas a siete especies monogeneas: Haliotrema sp. (P= 100%; I= 9-72; IM= 29,13) en Lutjanus analis; Diplectanum sp. (P= 50%; I= 1-15; IM= 8) en Mycteroperca bonaci; Neobenedenia melleni MacCalum, 1927 (P= 66,66%; I= 1-2; IM= 1,5) en Lacthoprys cuadricornis; Hamatopeduncularia sp. (P= 100%; I= 11-45; IM= 22,6); Udonella caligorum Johnston, 1835 (P= 80%; I= 6-13; IM= 8,75) y Calceostomella herzbergii Fuentes, Dezón y León, 2004 (P= 80%; I= 1-9; IM= 4,25) en Arius herzbergii; y, por último, Pterinotrematoides mexicanum Margarita y Bravo-Hollis, 1955 (P= 88,88%; I= 1-19; IM= 9,38) en Archosargus rhomboidalis. Las especies de mayor prevalencia e intensidad fueron Haliotrema sp. y Hamatopeduncularia sp. No se determinaron daños patológicos evidentes en los peces infestados.


The class Monogenoidea represents a diverse group of parasites with ~720 genera distribuited in 53 families. Monogenea parasites are described and identified, and the ecological indexes are determined as prevalence (P), intensity (I) and mean intensity (MI) in teleostean fish, between May and October 2006 on the Las Marites lagoon, south-east of Margarita Island, Venezuela. A total of 60 fishes belonging to 10 species were sampled and seven monogenea species were found on five fish species. These were Haliotrema sp. (P=100%, I= 9-72, IM= 29.13) in Lutjanus analis; Diplectanum sp. (P= 50%, I= 1-15, IM= 8) in Mycteroperca bonaci; Neobenedenia melleni MacCalum, 1927 (P= 66.66%; I= 1-2; IM= 1.5) in Lacthoprys cuadricornis; Hamatopeduncularia sp. (P= 100%; I= 11-45; IM= 22.6), Udonella caligorum Johnston, 1835 (P= 80%; I= 6-13; IM= 8.75) and Calceostomella herzbergii Fuentes, Dezón y León, 2004 (P= 80%; I= 1-9; IM= 4.25) in Arius herzbergii; and, lastly, Pterinotrematoides mexicanum Margarita y Bravo-Hollis, 1955 (P= 88.88%; I= 1-19; IM= 9.38) in Archosargus rhomboidalis. The species with the highest prevalence and intensity were Haliotrema sp. and Hamatopeduncularia sp. Evident pathological damages were not determined in the infested fish.


A classe Monogenoidea representa um grupo diverso de parasitos, com ~720 gêneros distribuidos em 53 famílias. No presente trabalho se descrevem, identificam e determinam os índices ecológicos de prevalência (P), intensidade (I) e intensidade média (IM) da fauna monogenea de teleósteos da Lagoa de Las Marites, costa sudeste da Ilha de Margarita, Venezuela. Entre maio e outubro 2006 foram examinados 60 exemplares de peixes, para um total de 10 espécies, das quais cinco resultaram positivas a sete espécies monogeneas: Haliotrema sp. (P= 100%; I= 9-72; IM= 29,13) em Lutjanus analis; Diplectanum sp. (P= 50%; I= 1-15; IM= 8) em Mycteroperca bonaci; Neobenedenia melleni MacCalum, 1927 (P= 66,66%; I= 1-2; IM= 1,5) em Lacthoprys cuadricornis; Hamatopeduncularia sp. (P= 100%; I= 11-45; IM= 22,6); Udonella caligorum Johnston, 1835 (P= 80%; I= 6-13; IM= 8,75) e Calceostomella herzbergii Fuentes, Dezón e León, 2004 (P= 80%; I= 1-9; IM= 4,25) em Arius herzbergii; e, por último, Pterinotrematoides mexicanum Margarita e Bravo-Hollis, 1955 (P= 88,88%; I= 1-19; IM= 9,38) em Archosargus rhomboidalis. As espécies de maior prevalência e intensidade foram Haliotrema sp. e Hamatopeduncularia sp. Não se determinaram danos patológicos evidentes nos peixes infestados.

12.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 18(1): 47-52, Mar. 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-606765

ABSTRACT

Neste trabalho foi avaliada a influência do parasitismo branquial por monogenóideos no desenvolvimento de tilápias-do-nilo criadas em 4 tanques-rede, com volume de 4 m3 cada, durante aproximadamente 5 meses. Os peixes juvenis, apresentando peso médio inicial de 37,65 g provenientes de outras pisciculturas, foram estocados na densidade de 250 animais.m-3 e monitorados mensalmente até sua comercialização com peso médio final de 485,4 g. A prevalência desses ectoparasitas apresentou-se alta, entre 90 e 100 por cento em todos os meses. Os maiores valores de intensidade média de infestação - IMI e abundância média de infestação - AM ocorreram durante os 2 primeiros meses de cativeiro, apresentando um novo aumento no último mês de criação. Os únicos parasitos da classe Monogenoidea presentes nas brânquias dos animais examinados foram da família Dactylogyridae. Os valores de oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, pH, nitrito e amônia estiveram dentro da normalidade. Nessas condições, não houve diferenças significativas entre o fator de condição relativo - Kn médio entre os animais parasitados e não parasitados e também nos diferentes níveis de infestação. Assim mostrou que, dentro dessas condições de criação, a relação parasito-hospedeiro-ambiente apresentou- se em equilíbrio sem causar grandes prejuízos aos animais.


Tilapias are fish originally from Africa which nowadays are commercially bred in almost 100 countries, being one of the most commercially bred species in the world. In this work the trematode population of the monogenoidea group present in the branchiae of Nile tilapias bred in 4 net-ponds with volume of 4 m3 each, was monitored during 5 months. The juvenile fish, presenting initial average weight of 37.65 g originated from other piscicultures, were stocked in the density of 250 animals.m-3 and monthly monitored until their commercialization, with final average weight of 485.4 g. The prevalence of these ectoparisites was high, between 90 and 100 percent in all months. The highest values of average intensity of infestation - AII and average abundance of infection - AAI occurred during the 2 first months of captivity, presenting a new increase in the last month of breeding. The only monogenoidea group present in the branchiae of the animals examined belonged to the Dactylogyridae family. The values of the dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, nitrite and ammonia were within normal rate. In these conditions there were no significant differences between the relative condition factor - Kn among the parasited and non-parasited animals and also in the different levels of infestation, showing that, in these breeding conditions, the relationship parasite-host-environment presented itself in balance without causing great harm to the animals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cichlids/growth & development , Cichlids/parasitology , Gills/parasitology , Trematoda/physiology , Brazil , Fisheries
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